SF-36 Health survey, for adolescents and adults with severity and/or risk factors and problems with life function Patients in primary care may experience a state of alcohol withdrawal. An assessment of the diagnosis of AUD is unlikely to be helpful in alcohol withdrawal. In this situation, the patient may not be able to answer the questions and the physiological dependence on alcohol is naturally satisfied. The Revised Alcohol Withdrawal and Withdrawal Assessment Scale is an essential tool for assessing the severity of withdrawal, triggering drug therapy and other medical interventions and, if necessary, referral or special treatment (Sullivan et al., 1989). As clinicians gained more experience with the use of ASI-5 in practice, it was pointed out that some questions in the questionnaire might overlap with the information collected at admission. To avoid duplication and waste of medical resources, a compressed form of ASI, ASI-Lite, was introduced in 1997. [17] Changes have been made, including the removal of the interviewer severity assessment, the elimination of family/genetic heritability and emotional problems, and the inclusion of research-based questions. It consists of 111 elements and takes 30 to 40 minutes. [17] As most of the key elements are retained, ASI-Lite and ASI-5 had similar reliability and validity.
[18] The popularity of ASI increased when other LANGUAGES[7][8][9][10][11][12] of ASI-5 proved equally reliable and valid. It also showed that the use of ASI has spread beyond the field of medicine and research. The expansion of populations in which ASI has been used alongside the substance-dependent treatment population is increasing in versatility. Since 2000, ASI has been used in areas ranging from social assistance to criminal justice and employment. [1] It has also been used in conjunction with other indices to comprehensively verify not only the efficacy but also the cost-effectiveness of new treatments. [13] Finally, THE ASI is adopted by pharmaceutical companies in several pharmacovigilance studies to test liability in case of misuse of the product. [1] [14] The third version of ASI was founded in 1980. This version of the ASI has adopted a ten-point severity index, which is evaluated during patient interviews with clinical staff. However, clinical staff complained that the assessment is difficult due to insufficient summary information. Therefore, the interviewer`s seeverity rating (SRI) was proposed.
However, several drawbacks of SRI, such as subjective data and low flexibility, have made it difficult to apply in clinical practice. With this in mind, quantitative composite scores (CS) derived from clinical trials and errors were applied. Both CS and SRI have shown test-retest reliability and have been used in ASI (details refer to the scoring system). [1] [5] These standardized data collection tools can be useful for assessing the severity of symptoms, viability, problematic behaviour, areas of impairment, degree of alcohol and alcoholism problems, etc. of the individual. However, standardized assessment tools may not be culturally sensitive or competent, and they are often too proscriptive and flexible enough to be useful in a person-centered approach. While standardization has some value, it must be weighed against the need for appropriate change – through supplementation or revision – to ensure that each assessment truly takes into account the unique characteristics and circumstances of the individual and family. In comparison, standardization in terms of scope or completeness is less problematic than the use of structured assessment tools, which limit our ability to individually examine important topics in detail.
He feels so bad: he does not need to provide information about alcohol and drug addiction for children whose parents or relatives of friends might have drug problems. Advise children to take care of themselves by communicating about the issue and joining support groups such as Alateen. The ASI (McLellan et al., 1980) is a semi-structured interview that lasts approximately 45 to 60 minutes. It was developed at the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center to have a multidimensional tool to evaluate treatment outcomes in alcoholics and other drug addicts. The ASI questions were based on the premise that a substance addiction is preceded by certain life events or occurs simultaneously. The instrument focuses on seven areas generally affected in the lives of drug addicts: medical status, employment, drug use, alcohol consumption, legal status, family/social status and psychiatric status. Information on the frequency, duration and severity of problems in these seven areas is collected for the history of lifespan and recent history (last 30 days). The ASI offers two types of scores: severity and subjective assessments of the client`s treatment needs, and composite severity scores of the problem over the past 30 days. Specific alcohol-related problems include the total number of years of life of consumption, the money spent on alcohol, and the number of days alcohol problems occur. A recent validation study of a computer-managed UPS found that it is reliable, with a good correlation with the interviewer-administered version (Butler et al., 2001).
A youth-friendly version is also available (T-ASI; Kaminer et al., 1991). First, general situations in each area would be surveyed, and then patients would be asked to assess their subjective feelings on the ground on certain issues. Then, interviewers would be able to estimate a score in the interviewer`s severity assessment based on objective and subjective information. Finally, a confidence rating would be assigned by interviewers. The initial goal of the ASI was to serve as a standardized data collection tool for clinical staff to determine the severity of patient dependence through objective and subjective information. [3] The estimated assessment of severity would lead clinicians to determine the urgency of treatments. It is also designed to allow research staff to test the effectiveness of interventions by comparing the before and after results of THE ASI with the CS. [1] Once a diagnosis of AUD is made, there are several well-validated tools that improve the physician`s ability to measure functional disability and disease severity associated with alcohol consumption. Their use would be beyond the scope of this review, but the Substance Abuse Severity Index and the Incidence Inventory of Drinkers are commonly used (McLellan et al., 1992; Miller et al., 1995; Alterman et al., 2000).
There are several tools available to assess willingness to change unhealthy alcohol behaviours (Prochaska and DiClemente, 1992). Instruments include the University of Rhode Island`s Change Stage Readiness Scale and Treatment Readiness Scale and Change Rating Scale (DiClemente and Hughes, 1990; Isenhart, 1994; Miller and Tonigan, 1996; Maisto et al., 1999). In clinical practice, two scores for each section would be obtained by examining the patient`s situation within two time frames, including lifespan and beyond 30 days from the date of the interview. The values in each section are independent of each other, including SRI and patient severity. SRI is determined both by objective information, which is verifiable testing, and by patients` judgement of severity. Interviewers would collect all objective information and a set of scores would be selected based on a 10-point system. The system would be listed below:[1][5][15] In the fields of medicine, alcohol, drugs and psychiatry, there are the « last three questions » (the number of questions, including but not limited to 3) that are placed before estimating the interviewer`s severity assessment, in which they are logically related to each other. For example, in the area of « medical health », question 6 deals with the frequency of medical problems in the last 30 days, question 7 deals with the frequency of problems related to these medical problems (referring to question 6) and question 8 with the importance of treating these medical problems (also with reference to question 6). It turned out that if one answers question 6 0, one must also answer questions 7 and 8 0. If, on the other hand, question 6 is a non-zero positive number, questions 7 and 8 must also be answered with non-zero positive numbers. [5] Alcohol and drug addiction occurs in the best families Describes how alcohol and drug addiction affects the whole family.
Explains how drug treatment works, how family interventions can be a first step towards recovery, and how to help children in families affected by alcohol and substance abuse. Initially, approximately 250 questions were prepared for the target audience of 524 male veterans with alcohol and drug addiction at VA Medical Centers in Coatesville and Philadelphia. [1] [3] In-person interviews were conducted over a six-month period during which the researchers improved the survey not only by looking for answers to the questions, but also by asking them if they understood the meaning of the questions and if others would interpret the questions in the same way.
